不同材料弹体超声速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的结构破坏对比实验

设计了超声速钻地结构弹,采用203 mm口径的火炮,开展了25 kg量级弹体在1100~1300 m/s速度范围内侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的实验研究,应用数值仿真对弹体侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的过程进行了模拟计算。基于实验和仿真结果,对超声速侵彻条件下两种金属材料弹体的结构响应、质量损失等问题进行了分析。结果表明:在超声速侵彻钢筋混凝土靶的过程中,两种金属材料的弹体结构变形破坏形式主要为头部侵蚀和侧壁磨蚀,头部侵蚀量的大小与弹体壳体材料有关,高强度G50钢材料更适合用于1200 m/s速度量级的超声速侵彻环境。对出现的“径缩”现象作了初步分析,并对今后工程应用的结构弹体设计提出了指导意见。     

三维格子Boltzmann方法研究上升双气泡的运动特性

应用格子Boltzmann三维模型，对双气泡在静水中的运动进行数值研究.采用八点差分和十八点差分格式分别求解一阶▽φ和二阶▽²φ可以有效避免气液密度比过大造成的数值不稳定问题.结果表明：当两个相同直径的气泡在上升时，位置靠上的气泡形状变化像单气泡上升一样，而位置靠下的气泡会受到前一个气泡尾迹的影响，并有很明显的形状变化.当两个气泡直径不同时，不管初始位置如何，大气泡总会对小气泡造成强烈的影响.     

激光惯性约束聚变靶制备技术研究进展

在实验室实现聚变反应释放的能量大于点燃聚变反应所需能量的阈值是当今世界ICF研究的主要目标,实现这一目标仍需要深入研究一系列的关键物理问题。在ICF研究中,制靶能力的发展与提升至关重要,靶的质量是实验成功的核心要素之一。本文介绍了国际ICF靶制备工作近年来在新型烧蚀层材料靶丸、新型靶丸支撑技术、优化黑腔材料与构型以及减小燃料填充管直径等方面取得的一系列进展,并结合ICF物理需求,简要阐述了ICF靶的发展趋势。     

基于石墨烯/石墨烯卷轴复合薄膜高灵敏度柔性压力传感器

一维导电材料例如纳米线，大量应用于柔性压力传感器中. 但是一维材料和基底之间接触时相互作用力较弱，使得传感器灵敏度、响应时间、和循环寿命等性能指标有待进一步提高. 针对这些问题，设计了石墨烯/石墨烯卷轴多分子层复合薄膜作为传感器导电层. 石墨烯卷轴具有一维结构，而石墨烯的二维结构可以牢固地固定卷轴，以确保高导电性复合薄膜与基底之间的粘附性，同时整体结构的导电通道得到了增加. 由于一维和二维结构的协同效应，实现了应变灵敏度系数3.5 kPa^-1、 响应时间小于50 ms、能够稳定工作1000次以上的压阻传感器.     

Bioinspired Healable Mechanochromic Function from Fluorescent Polyurethane Composite Film

Camouflage and wound healing are two vital functions for cephalopods to survive from dangerous ocean risks. Inspired by these dual functions, herein, we report a new type of healable mechanochromic (HMC) material. The bifunctional HMC material consists of two tightly bonded layers. One layer is composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) for shielding. Another layer contains supramolecular hydrogen bonding polymers and fluorochromes for healing. The as-synthesized HMC material exhibits a tunable and reversible mechanochromic function due to the strain-induced surface structure of composite film. The mechanochromic function can be further restored after damage because of the incorporated healable polyurethane. The healing efficiency of the damaged HMC materials can even reach 98 % at 60 °C for 6 h. The bioinspired HMC material is expected to have potential applications in the information encryption and flexible displays.     

多孔碳化棉复合SnO2锂离子电池负极材料的制备及性能研究

以脱脂棉为原料通过Mg2+模板法获取多孔碳化棉结构,再通过水热法在其表面及内部孔隙负载SnO2颗粒,获得多孔碳化棉与SnO2颗粒的复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射分析(XRD)分析材料的微观形貌,利用循环伏安(CV)和电化学阻抗(EIS)测试评价其作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能.结果表明,通过Mg2+模板法获取负载有SnO2颗粒的多孔碳化棉结构作为负极材料时,在300 mA/g的电流密度下,其容量在100圈后仍维持在500 mAh/g,是一种前景较为理想的锂离子电池负极复合材料.     

废旧隔膜衍生碳负极的电化学储锂性能

以废隔膜为前体,通过一步热解碳化制备碳负极材料,考察了温度和时间对碳化产物的影响,并研究了碳负极材料的电化学储锂性能.结果 表明,废隔膜的最佳碳化温度为420℃,碳化时间为120 min;用作锂离子电池负极材料时,在50 mA/g低电流密度充/放电时的可逆放电比容量高达543.8 mAh/g;即使在高电流密度2000 mA/g循环1000圈后,可逆放电比容量仍可稳定在125.0 mAh/g左右,表现了良好的电化学储锂性能.该研究结果不仅有助于缓解废旧隔膜对环境产生的危害,而且能充分发挥废弃资源中的利用价值、降低电极材料的制备成本.     

Integrable boundary conditions for the B_2 model

New integrable B_2 model with off-diagonal boundary reflections is proposed. The general solutions of the reflection matrix for the B_2 model are obtained by using the fusion technique. Wefind that the reflection matrix has 7 free boundary parameters, which are used to describe the degree of freedom of boundary couplings, without breaking the integrability of the system. The new quantization conditions will induce the novel structure of the energy spectrum and the boundary states. The corresponding boundary effects can be studied based on the results in this paper. Meanwhile, the reflection matrix of high rank models associated with Bnalgebra can also be obtained by using the method suggested in this paper.     

A periodic DFT study on adsorption of small molecules(CH4,CO,H2O,H2S,NH3)on the WO3(001) surface-supported Au

Gas molecules(such as CH4,CO,H2O,H2S,NH_3)adsorption on the pure and Au-doped WO3(001)surface have been studied by Density functional theory calculations with generalized gradient approximation.Based on the the calculation of adsorption energy,we found the most stable adsorption site for gas molecules by comparing the adsorption energies of different gas molecules on the WO3(001)surface.We have also compared the adsorption energy of five different gas molecules on the WO3(001)surface,our calculation results show that when the five kinds of gases are adsorbed on the pure WO3(001)surface,the order of the surface adsorption energy is CO>H2S>CH4>H2O>NH3.And the results show that NH3 is the most easily adsorbed gas among the other four gases adsorbed on the surface of pure WO3(001)surface.We also calculated the five different gases on the Au-doped WO3(001)surface.The order of adsorption energy was found to be different from the previous calculation:CO>CH4>H2S>H2O>NH3.These results provide a new route for the potential applications of Au-doped WO3 in gas molecules adsorption.